ISO14000環(huán)境管理體系
     ISO14000環(huán)境管理系列標準是國際標準化組織(ISO)發(fā)布的序列號為14000的一系列用于規(guī)范各類組織的環(huán)境管理的標準。國際標準化組織成立于1974年，是當今世界上最大的國際標準化機構，也是最大的國際科學技術組織，已發(fā)布了大量的工業(yè)與產(chǎn)品標準，也有管理標準如ISO9000質(zhì)量系列。
    國際標準化組織為制定ISO14000環(huán)境管理系列標準于1993年6月設立了第207技術委員會(TC207)。它是在國際環(huán)境保護大趨勢下，在92年聯(lián)合國環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會之后成立的，下設了6年分委員會和一個工作組，內(nèi)容涉及環(huán)境管理體系(EMS)、環(huán)境管理體系審核(EA)、環(huán)境標志(EL)、生命周期評估(LCA)、環(huán)境行為評價(EPE)等國際環(huán)境管理領域的研究與實踐的焦點問題，是近十年來環(huán)境保護領域的新發(fā)展、新思想，是各國彩取的環(huán)境經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易政策手段的總結，內(nèi)容非常豐富。TC207的工作是卓有成效的，用三年時間完成了環(huán)境管理體系和環(huán)境審核標準制定工作，其他標準因內(nèi)部分岐較大，做為正式國際標準出臺尚需時日。我國于1995年10月成立了全國環(huán)境管理標準化委員會，迅速對5個標準進行了等同轉換，因而環(huán)境管理體系及環(huán)境審核也就構成了今天意義上的ISO14000的主要內(nèi)涵。這5個標準是：
    GB/T24001-ISO14001 環(huán)境管理體系-規(guī)范及使用指南
    GB/T24004-ISO14004 環(huán)境管理體系-原理、體系和支撐技術通用指南
    GB/T24010-ISO14010 環(huán)境審核指南-通用原則
    GB/T24011-ISO14011 環(huán)境管理審核-審核程序-環(huán)境管理體系審核
    GB/T24012-ISO14012 環(huán)境管理審核指南-環(huán)境管理審核員資格要求
    ISO14001為各類組織提供了一個標準化的環(huán)境管理模式，即環(huán)境管理體系(EMS)。標準對環(huán)境管理體系的定義是：“環(huán)境管理體系是全面管理體系的組成部分，包括制定、實施、實現(xiàn)、評審和維護環(huán)境方針所需的組織結構、策劃活動、職責、操作慣例、程序、過程和資源”。實際上，環(huán)境管理體系就是企業(yè)內(nèi)部對環(huán)境事務實施管理的部門、人員、管理制度、操作規(guī)程及相應的硬件措施。一般的，企業(yè)對環(huán)境事務都進行著管理，但可能不夠全面不系統(tǒng)，不能稱之為環(huán)境管理體系。另一方面，這套管理辦法是否能真的對環(huán)境事務有效？是否能適合社會發(fā)展需求？適應環(huán)境保護的要求？在這些問題上各企業(yè)之間差異很大。環(huán)境問題的重要性日益顯著，特別是它在國際貿(mào)易中的地位越來越重要，國際標準化組織總結了ISO9000的成功經(jīng)驗，對管理標準進行了修改，針對環(huán)境問題，制定了ISO14001標準。可以認為ISO14001標準所提供的環(huán)境管理體系是管理理論上科學、實踐中可行、國際上公認、且行之有效的。
    ISO14001所規(guī)定的環(huán)境管理體系共有17個方面的要求，根據(jù)各條款功能的類似性，可歸納為5方面的內(nèi)容：環(huán)境方針、規(guī)劃(策劃)、實施與運行、檢查與糾正措施、管理評審等。這五個方面邏輯上連貫一致、步驟上相輔相承，共同保證體系的有效建立和實施，并持續(xù)改進，呈現(xiàn)螺旋上升之勢。首先，實施環(huán)境管理體系必須得到最高管理者的承諾，形成環(huán)境管理的指導原則和實施的宗旨，即環(huán)境方針，要找出企業(yè)環(huán)境管理的重點，形成企業(yè)環(huán)境目標和指標；其次，貫徹企業(yè)的環(huán)境方針目標，確定實施方法、操作規(guī)程，確保重大的環(huán)境因素處于受控狀態(tài)；再次，為保證體系的適用和有效，設立監(jiān)督、檢測和糾正機制；最后通過審核與評審，促進體系的進一步完善和改進提高，完成一次管理體系的循環(huán)上升和持續(xù)改進。

ISO14000 environmental management system
ISO14000 series standard is the international organization for standardization (ISO) issued a series of the serial number for 14,000 for regulating various organizations of environmental management standards. The international organization for standardization founded in 1974, is the world's largest international standardization organization, is also the biggest international science and technology organizations, has a lot of industrial products and standard; also have standard of ISO9000 quality management such as series.
The international organization for standardization for ISO14000 series standards formulated in June 1993 established the 207th technical committee (TC207). It is in the international environment protection under the big trend in 1992 UN conference on environment and development, has established after 6 years working committee and a portion, environmental management system (EMS), environment management system audit (EA), environment mark (EL), life cycle assessment (LCA), environmental behavior evaluation (international environmental management etc.) EPE field of research and practice, is the focus of nearly ten years in the field of environmental protection, new thoughts, new development is the color of the economic trade policy environment, very informative. TC207 work is fruitful, with three years time to complete the environment management system and environmental auditing standards work, in part because of other standards, as a formal gushy escalating stage of international standard. In October 1995, a national environmental management standardization commission, rapid for five criteria on the equivalent conversion, and environmental management system and environment audit also make up today's main sense of ISO14000. This 5 standard is:
GB/t24001-iso14001 environment management system - code and guide
GB/T24004 - ISO14004 environmental management system, the system and the principle of - general guidelines supporting technologies
GB/T24010 - ISO14010 environment audit guidelines - general principles
GB/T24011 - ISO14011 environmental management review - audit procedure - environment management system audit
GB/T24012 - ISO14012 environmental management audit guidelines - environmental management certification requirements
For all kinds of ISO14001 organization provides a standard of environmental management mode, namely environmental management system (EMS). Standard of environmental management system is defined as the "environmental management system is the comprehensive management system components, including the formulation, implementation and maintenance, implementation, evaluation of environmental policy, planning and organization structure for activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources". Actually, environment management system of environmental affairs is the enterprise internal management department, staff, management system and operation procedures and the corresponding hardware measures. Generally, the enterprises of environmental affairs are carried out, but may not comprehensive management system, can not called environmental management system. On the other hand, the administrative measures for environmental affairs can really effective? Whether to suit the requirements of social development? Adapt to the requirements of environmental protection? In these problems between each enterprise difference is very big. The importance of environment problem increasingly remarkable in international trade, especially it is more and more important role in the international organization for standardization, summarized the successful experience of ISO9000 quality management standards have been modified, according to environmental problems, formulate the ISO14001 standard. Can think ISO14001 criteria provided the environment management system is management theory and practice of science is feasible and international recognized and effective.
The ISO14001 environmental management system by Shared 17 requirements, according to the provisions of the function, can be divided into five analogue of content: the environmental policy, planning, implementation and operation plan), check and corrective actions and management review. These five respects logical consistency, steps, auxiliary accord photogenic the effective guarantee system, build and implement, and continuous improvement, the spiral. First, the implementation of environmental management system must get top management commitment, forming the environmental management guiding principles and implementation, namely environmental policy, to find out the key enterprise of environmental management, enterprise environmental objectives and targets, Secondly, implement enterprise's environmental policy objectives and implementation methods, procedures, to ensure that the major environmental factors are controlled, Again, as applicable, and effective guarantee system, establish supervisory, detection and correction mechanism, Finally, through audits and reviews, promoting system should be further improved and improvement, and complete management system of circular ascendant and continuous improvement.